5G goes to 60GHz and multiport

As 5G mobile communications are expected to operate on networks in the 60GHz millimeter wave band, Jean Pierre Guillemet has proposed a technique for testing multiport broadband components up to 145GHz. Although a vector network analyzer (VNA) can be used for testing at very high frequencies in the range of several GHz to terahertz, a more common requirement is an instrument that operates in the 70kHz to 145GHz frequency range. Performing tests that cover this range in one scan presents many challenges. The instrument must be capable of operating in the low frequency range up to the millimeter wave range, which means that it must incorporate a number of different technologies. In addition, the VNA must have up to four ports and must be compatible with the installation on the probe station. Typical applications are measuring extremely high frequencies in imaging-type applications in medical and defense systems, but new applications are in mobile communications, and the transition to 5G will require ultra-high frequency radio transmissions up to 100 GHz. The amplitude and phase of the reflected or transmitted wave in a VNA measurement device can be used to derive other measurement results including power, intermodulation, noise factor, and differential mode parameters . FIG. 2 is a simplified diagram showing the configuration of FIG. 1. Four-port VNA. Because each test port can generate a signal source and can measure reflections and transmissions, it must have connectors that support broadband frequencies. Due to the limited bandwidth of waveguide-based connectors , they are not suitable for use, so use coaxial ports with 0.8mm connectors, which are rated up to 145GHz and capable of testing up to 150GHz. Its small size requires careful handling, but its design prevents damage to internal pins. & Although VNA must work properly within a certain frequency range, some key components (such as couplers and oscillators) used in the analyzer, so in order to cover the entire frequency band, each instrument contains three analyzers: each The analyzers use different technologies to cover the frequency bands from 40kHz to 2.5GHz, 2.5GHz to 30GHz, and 30GHz to 30GHz. 150GHz